<html><head><base href="x-msg://10/"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Hey Robert<div>many of us (esp in school situations) don't get the option of designing from the start. We have to take over from people who gave up because they could not do it and so much data is there that we have to redesign - effectively normalising.</div><div><br></div><div>If we can design from the start then normalising is not an issue because we design with normalising in mind (tho not all of us call it normalising! e.g. I call it top down design)</div><div><br></div><div>Andrew</div><div><br><div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; "><div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Chalkboard">Andrew Shortell</font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; ">Heidelberg Teaching Unit in 2011</span></font></div></div></span>
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<br><div><div>On 01/04/2011, at 6:14 PM, Robert Hind wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Georgia; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; "><div lang="EN-AU" link="blue" bgcolor="#ffffff" vlink="purple"><div><font size="2" face="Arial">Hi Tim,</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">"Decoding the definitions for consumption by students is of course another matter"</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">We do need a relatively simple decoding, that is of course VCAA approved.</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">"the mathematical/academic gobbledy-gook" in many of the various definitions of NF1-3 is a problem for us as teachers and for the students.</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">The most annoying thing is that if you design a RDBS correctly from the start you don't need NF1-3 because the design takes care of all that.</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">Robert Hind (Semi-retired) OOF, GOM</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">and Access Database Designer<br>Ashwood and Traralgon<br><a href="mailto:robert@yinnar.com" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">robert@yinnar.com</a></font></div><div> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><blockquote style="border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 0px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; "><div style="font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal arial; ">----- Original Message -----</div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal arial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(228, 228, 228); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><b>From:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="timmer@melbpc.org.au" href="mailto:timmer@melbpc.org.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">Timmer-Arends</a></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal arial; "><b>To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="itapps@edulists.com.au" href="mailto:itapps@edulists.com.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">Year 12 IT Applications Teachers' Mailing List</a></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal arial; "><b>Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, April 01, 2011 5:08 PM</div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal arial; "><b>Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Year 12 IT Apps] Sample exam questionsandentity-relationship diagrams</div><div><br></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">Hello Mark</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">I'm curious to know what these conflicting sources are.</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">I've followed Robert H's link and the page one gets to doesn't actually define them but does describe a (simplified) process to get to each NF - and what one gets from the process does conform with NF defs. The links from this page do go to definitions and they are in agreement with other sources I have looked at.</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">Mark K's quote is a definition of 2NF that conforms to other definitions.</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">The only difference I can see between various versions I have read is the degree of mathematical/academic gobbledy-gook involved.</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">1NF, 2NF and 3NF were defined way back in the seventies and because they were formed from a theoretical basis I don't think they are going to have changed all that much.</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">About the only thing that seems to have changed greatly is the addition of another three NFs.</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">I think the issue is a problem with the question, not with the consistency of the definitions. Decoding the definitions for consumption by students is of course another matter...</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">Regards</font></div><div><font size="2" face="Arial">Robert T-A</font></div><div> </div><div> </div><div>----- Original Message -----</div><blockquote style="border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 0px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; "><div style="font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal arial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(228, 228, 228); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><b>From:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="msc@luther.vic.edu.au" href="mailto:msc@luther.vic.edu.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">Mark Scott</a></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal arial; "><b>To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a title="itapps@edulists.com.au" href="mailto:itapps@edulists.com.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">Year 12 IT Applications Teachers' Mailing List</a></div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal arial; "><b>Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, April 01, 2011 2:45 PM</div><div style="font: normal normal normal 10pt/normal arial; "><b>Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Year 12 IT Apps] Sample exam questions andentity-relationship diagrams</div><div><br></div><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; "><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; ">Paula<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; ">This is good stuff but we are still struggling with Question 3c<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; ">Any chance of a VCAA definition of what actually goes in 1NF, 2NF and 3NF.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; ">The definitions are different depending on which “source” you use.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; font-size: 11pt; ">thanks<br>Mark Scott<br>Luther College<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; font-size: 11pt; ">PS I suppose we could all wait for the guru (Mark Kelly) to provide an answer.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-size: 11pt; ">J</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; font-size: 11pt; "><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; font-size: 11pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div><div style="border-bottom-width: medium; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: initial; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; border-top-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: medium; border-right-style: none; border-right-color: initial; padding-top: 3pt; "><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; ">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; "><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:itapps-bounces@edulists.com.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">itapps-bounces@edulists.com.au</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[mailto:itapps-bounces@edulists.com.au]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Christophersen, Paula P<br><b>Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, 1 April 2011 1:32 PM<br><b>To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Year 12 IT Applications Teachers' Mailing List<br><b>Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[Year 12 IT Apps] Sample exam questions and entity-relationship diagrams<o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><o:p> </o:p></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">Dear colleagues<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">The examination specifications and some sample questions focusing on new content in the study design are now on the VCAA website:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; "><a href="http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/vcaa/vce/studies/infotech/it-applications/publications/IT-Apps-samp.pdf" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/vcaa/vce/studies/infotech/it-applications/publications/IT-Apps-samp.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">Structurally the examination remains the same – two sections: Section A multiple choice; Section B short and extended responses.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">I draw your attention to a couple of matters in the sample questions:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 93pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9pt; "><span>·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman'; "> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">Question 4 focuses on an entity relationship diagram – this hopefully clarifies recent concerns that have been raised.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 93pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9pt; "><span>·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman'; "> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">Question 7 illustrates one way in which the examination can deal with the choice of different software in Unit 4, Area of Study 1. Here a common question is presented, and students select the software tool to explain their answer.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 93pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9pt; "><span>·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman'; "> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">Question 9 is an example of an extended response (worth 8 marks) with prompts to guide answers<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 93pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: -18pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9pt; "><span>·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman'; "> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">Question 12 is an example of the scope of a question on RDBMS – the focus can only extent to what is covered in Unit 3. Again it illustrates an extended response with prompts<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">Paula<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; "><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">Paula Christophersen</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">ICT Curriculum Manager</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">VCAA</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">41 St Andrews Place</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">EAST MELBOURNE 3002</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; ">(03) 9651 4378</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-left: 36pt; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; "><b>Important -<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>This email and any attachments may be confidential. 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Any representations or opinions expressed are those of the individual sender, and not necessarily those of the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><hr><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div>_______________________________________________<br><a href="http://www.edulists.com.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.edulists.com.au</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>- FAQ, resources, subscribe, unsubscribe<br>IT Applications Mailing List kindly supported by<br><a href="http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/vce/studies/infotech/itapplications3-4.html" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/vce/studies/infotech/itapplications3-4.html</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>- Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority and<br><a href="http://www.vitta.org.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.vitta.org.au</a> - VITTA Victorian Information Technology Teachers Association Inc</blockquote><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><hr><div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div>_______________________________________________<br><a href="http://www.edulists.com.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.edulists.com.au</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>- FAQ, resources, subscribe, unsubscribe<br>IT Applications Mailing List kindly supported by<br><a href="http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/vce/studies/infotech/itapplications3-4.html" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/vce/studies/infotech/itapplications3-4.html</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>- Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority and<br><a href="http://www.vitta.org.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.vitta.org.au</a> - VITTA Victorian Information Technology Teachers Association Inc</blockquote>_______________________________________________<br><a href="http://www.edulists.com.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.edulists.com.au</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>- FAQ, resources, subscribe, unsubscribe<br>IT Applications Mailing List kindly supported by<br><a href="http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/vce/studies/infotech/itapplications3-4.html" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/vce/studies/infotech/itapplications3-4.html</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>- Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority and<br><a href="http://www.vitta.org.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">http://www.vitta.org.au</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> - VITTA Victorian Information Technology Teachers Association Inc</div></span></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>