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<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Hello,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Below
is a brief overview of the bridge design project curriculum I wanted to share
with everybody. The <i>Bridge Design Project</i></span><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>is set
up to teach students how to design, build and analyse simple trussed wooden
bridge. The bridge design project is split into 9 different lessons- below is a
brief overview of what the students will learn. </span><span style='font-size:
14.0pt'>The lessons are design to take the student through every step of the
design process- students are given basic background knowledge, then taught how
to design the structure and finally, once the design is completed, they will build,
test and report on their final results. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><a
href="http://blogs.solidworks.com/teacher/2010/05/solidworks-bridge-design-project.html">Visit
the Courseware Video Library to see a video clip about SolidWorks Bridge Design
Project</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:
18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:
18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:
18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Bridge Design Project<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='font-size:18.0pt'>Using SolidWorks and SolidWorks Simulation to design,
test and build structures<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>What are Trusses?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Trusses
are simple structures used as bridges for railroads, auto and foot traffic;
capable of carrying large loads across spans. They consist of a road or rail
surface, 2 walls and sometimes bracing between the walls.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=299
height=99 id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image008.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Longer Spans<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>For
longer spans, the truss structure can be repeated several times.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Truss Types<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
<i>Warren </i>truss, shown at right, is one of the simplest and most economical
types. It can even be used upside down, in this case with added vertical
members.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=299
height=99 id="Picture_x0020_4" src="cid:image016.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"><img
border=0 width=299 height=99 id="Picture_x0020_5"
src="cid:image020.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
<i>Pratt</i>(left) and <i>Howe</i>(right) are other common types. We will look
at a truss similar to the Pratt truss.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=299
height=99 id="Picture_x0020_6" src="cid:image022.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"><img
border=0 width=299 height=99 id="Picture_x0020_7"
src="cid:image024.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Truss Walls</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
side walls of the truss are much more than walls that keep the trains or cars
from falling off the truss. They are used to absorb and direct the loads placed
on the truss such as trains cars.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=221
height=172 id="Picture_x0020_8" src="cid:image026.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Beams<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.75pt;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Trusses are made up of beams that are held
together by bolts, welds or rivets. A common example of a beam is a closet rod
used to hang clothes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.75pt;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Beams have the same cross section. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=242
height=223 id="_x0000_i1059" src="cid:image028.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>External Loads<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>External
Loads are forces that are applied to the beam. A common load on a beam would be
weight, such as a train car. Loads are usually applied over an area of the
beam.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=295
height=165 id="_x0000_i1058" src="cid:image030.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Bending and Deflection<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Bending
is caused by a load that is applied to a beam. The load causes the beam to bend
and move in the direction of the load. The deflection is how far the beam moves
from it’s original position. The larger the load, the larger the deflection.
The “worst case” deflection occurs when the load is at the centre of the beam.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><img
border=0 width=215 height=161 id="Picture_x0020_9"
src="cid:image040.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Tension and Compression</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>While
the beam is bending, things are happening within the beam. The top portion of
the beam (the face the load is applied) <i>compresses</i>(pushing ends
together) while the opposite face sees <i>tension</i>(pulling ends apart). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=195
height=188 id="Picture_x0020_10" src="cid:image041.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Stress<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-bottom:2.95pt'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Stress measures what happens inside the
beam when forces are applied. It is defined as force divided by area, common
units being Pascals(Pa), Megapascals(Mpa) or pounds per square inch (psi). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Stress
can cause the beam to break under high loads. Analysis provides maps that show
areas of high and low stress.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=185
height=222 id="Picture_x0020_11" src="cid:image042.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Yield Strength<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:5.35pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:
Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>How
much can the beam take before it breaks? We use the Yield Strength as the limit
of the beam’s strength based on stress.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:5.35pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:
Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Actually
it measures the point where a beam bends and remains in the bent shape.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:5.35pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:
Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Both
the material and beam section contribute to the strength.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=305
height=196 id="Picture_x0020_12" src="cid:image043.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Strength of Beams<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:2.95pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:
Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>The
cross sectional shape influences the strength.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:2.95pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:
Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Using
a stronger material (steel rather than wood) makes the beam stronger.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Cross Section Shape<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
color:black'>Stacking two or three beams as shown in the image makes the beam
harder to bend and stronger against a load.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=269
height=202 id="Picture_x0020_13" src="cid:image044.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Section Depth</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-bottom:7.75pt'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The deeper the section (left) the stronger
the material. Wider sections (right) help a little but not that much. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
reason that deeper beams are stronger is the area moment of inertia. This is
calculated using the width (b) and height (h) dimensions of the section. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=204
height=180 id="Picture_x0020_14" src="cid:image048.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Materials<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:5.35pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:
Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>The
material used to create the beam has a great impact on its strength. Although
there are many varieties of wood and alloys of metals, generally metal is
stronger then wood. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-bottom:5.35pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:
Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Note
that wood, unlike metals, has a grain that makes its strength different in
different directions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:5.35pt;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:5.35pt;text-autospace:none'><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'>Steel Beams</span></b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
color:black'>The deeper beam starts to look like the steel beams used in
construction of trusses, and buildings, channels, I-beams and tubes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
color:black'><img border=0 width=306 height=148 id="Picture_x0020_15"
src="cid:image050.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Cross Bracing</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.75pt;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Cross bracing stiffens the structure by
preventing rotation at the joints. Using drinking straws pinned at the ends
shows the difference that a brace can make.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=221
height=166 id="Picture_x0020_16" src="cid:image062.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0
width=244 height=183 id="Picture_x0020_17"
src="cid:image063.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt'> </span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=257 height=193
id="Picture_x0020_18" src="cid:image064.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Beam Calculator</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
Beam Calculator can be used to get an estimate of the displacement. This can be
used to make sure that the analysis is within expectations. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=351
height=237 id="Picture_x0020_19" src="cid:image065.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Analysis Stages<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-bottom:2.7pt'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>A Structural Analysis has several stages
that are followed in order.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>In
SolidWorks: Model is where the geometry is created.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Using
Solid Works Simulation Xpress: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Pre-Processing is
used to add materials, fixtures and loads.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Analysis is where
the input is “run” through the analyser.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Post-Processing
allows you to see the results.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=234
height=236 id="Picture_x0020_20" src="cid:image066.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Design Cycle<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
Design Cycle is used to “iterate” changes by returning to the original design
to change the model. The changes alter the results of the analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=319
height=311 id="Picture_x0020_21" src="cid:image097.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Fixtures and External
Loads<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-bottom:7.75pt'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Fixtures prevent movement of portions of
the structure.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>External
Loads apply forces to the structure.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=263
height=258 id="Picture_x0020_22" src="cid:image098.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Material<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
material selected supplies data to the analysis in the form of numeric
properties.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=534
height=385 id="Picture_x0020_23" src="cid:image099.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Joints<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Joints
are automatically created at the intersections of the beam centrelines. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=281
height=224 id="Picture_x0020_24" src="cid:image100.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Fixtures<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
fixtures are applied by selecting joints in the model.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=124
height=263 id="Picture_x0020_25" src="cid:image101.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0
width=316 height=247 id="Picture_x0020_26"
src="cid:image102.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Loads</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
External Loads are applied by selecting joints in the model.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><img
border=0 width=196 height=151 id="Picture_x0020_27"
src="cid:image103.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><img border=0 width=149 height=250
id="Picture_x0020_28" src="cid:image104.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Mesh
and Run</span></b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Meshing
creates beam elements and nodes that represent the model shape. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><img
border=0 width=192 height=170 id="Picture_x0020_29"
src="cid:image105.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><img border=0 width=371 height=287
id="Picture_x0020_30" src="cid:image106.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Making Design Changes</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Using
different models, follow the changes in the model and the changes in capacity
of the structure.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=129
height=378 id="Picture_x0020_31" src="cid:image107.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Using an Assembly</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Collision Detection</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>In
an assembly, components can be checked for collision, interference or clash. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=338
height=268 id="Picture_x0020_32" src="cid:image108.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Changing Dimensions</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
dimensions that define the shape of the model can also be used to change the
size of the model.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=273
height=194 id="Picture_x0020_33" src="cid:image109.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Making Drawings of the
Structure</span></b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
drawing includes a view of the model, a cut list and balloons.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=301
height=386 id="Picture_x0020_34" src="cid:image110.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Building and Testing the
Structure<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
PDF files <i>Measuring Chart </i>and <i>Construction Guide </i>can be used to
make construction easier. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=347
height=269 id="Picture_x0020_35" src="cid:image112.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span></b><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img
border=0 width=347 height=269 id="Picture_x0020_36"
src="cid:image114.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span></b><b><span style='font-size:
14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Building the Structure</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.75pt;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Distribute 1/8" x 1/8" x
24" balsa sticks, glue and cutters.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
color:black'>Cut, glue and assemble structure per instructions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
color:black'><img border=0 width=423 height=317 id="Picture_x0020_37"
src="cid:image116.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Testing the Structure</span></b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-bottom:8.6pt'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1.Set up sawhorses or tables to represent
the 350mm span.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-bottom:8.6pt'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>2.Place the bridge and load plate across
the sawhorses or tables.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-bottom:8.6pt'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=315
height=275 id="Picture_x0020_38" src="cid:image118.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span
style='font-size:14.0pt'> </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0
width=267 height=273 id="Picture_x0020_39"
src="cid:image120.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Testing the Structure
(test weight)</span></b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-bottom:6.2pt'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>3.Use a drawstring bag or bucket with wire
attached.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default style='margin-bottom:6.2pt'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>4.Pass drawstring or wire through hole in
load plate and pin in place.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>5.Load
bag or bucket with weighted objects until breakage occurs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=Default><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><img border=0 width=333
height=249 id="Picture_x0020_40" src="cid:image122.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"></span> <img
border=0 width=326 height=243 id="Picture_x0020_41"
src="cid:image124.png@01CD8C24.DD819220"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 width=700
style='width:525.0pt'>
<tr>
<td width=343 valign=top style='width:256.95pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:15.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1029"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://www.intercad.com.au/images/emailsig/icsiglogo.gif"
style='position:absolute;margin-left:-74.25pt;margin-top:-3.45pt;width:99.75pt;
height:70.5pt;z-index:-3;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;
mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'
wrapcoords="-325 0 -325 21140 21762 21140 21762 0 -325 0">
<v:imagedata src="cid:image031.gif@01CD8AC3.00C579D0" o:title="icsiglogo" />
<w:wrap type="tight"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=133 height=94
src="cid:image125.jpg@01CD8C24.DD819220" align=left hspace=12
alt="http://www.intercad.com.au/images/emailsig/icsiglogo.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2"><![endif]><b><span
style='color:black'>Radmila Mrkobrad</span></b><span style='color:black'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'>Education Manager | ANZ</span><span
style='color:black'><br>
</span><a href="http://www.intercad.com.au/" target="_blank"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>www.intercad.com.au</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width=343 valign=top style='width:256.95pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=0 width="100%"
style='width:100.0%'>
<tr>
<td width=50 style='width:37.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:right;line-height:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
color:black'>Phone:</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;line-height:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'>(+612)
9454 4429</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:right;line-height:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
color:black'>Fax:</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;line-height:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'>(+612)
9454 4455</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:right;line-height:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
color:black'>Mobile:</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:justify;line-height:15.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
color:black'>(+61) 402 900 361</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<br clear="both">
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